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Interactive DE for solving combined security environmental economic dispatch considering FACTS technology

Belkacem MAHDAD, K. SRAIRI, B. TAREK

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 429-447 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0270-x

摘要： This paper presents an efficient interactive differential evolution (IDE) to solve the multi-objective security environmental/economic dispatch (SEED) problem considering multi shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. Two sub problems are proposed.The first one is related to the active power planning to minimize the combined total fuel cost and emissions, while the second is a reactive power planning (RPP) using multi shunt FACTS device based static VAR compensator (SVC) installed at specified buses to make fine corrections to the voltage deviation, voltage phase profiles and reactive power violation. The migration operation inspired from biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm is newly introduced in the proposed approach, thereby effectively exploring and exploiting promising regions in a space search by creating dynamically new efficient partitions. This new mechanism based migration between individuals from different subsystems makes the initial partitions to react more by changing experiences. To validate the robustness of the proposed approach, the proposed algorithm is tested on the Algerian 59-bus electrical network and on a large system, 40 generating units considering valve-point loading effect. Comparison of the results with recent global optimization methods show the superiority of the proposed IDE approach and confirm its potential for solving practical optimal power flow in terms of solution quality and convergence characteristics.

关键词： optimal power flow (OPF) economic dispatch environment differential evolution migration operator multi-objective flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) static VAR compensator (SVC)

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Enhancing power transfer capability through flexible AC transmission system devices: a review

Fadi M. ALBATSH,Saad MEKHILEF,Shameem AHMAD,H. MOKHLIS,M. A. HASSAN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第8期页码 658-678 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500019

摘要： Global demand for power has significantly increased, but power generation and transmission capacities have not increased proportionally with this demand. As a result, power consumers suffer from various problems, such as voltage and frequency instability and power quality issues. To overcome these problems, the capacity for available power transfer of a transmission network should be enhanced. Researchers worldwide have addressed this issue by using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. We have conducted a comprehensive review of how FACTS controllers are used to enhance the available transfer capability (ATC) and power transfer capability (PTC) of power system networks. This review includes a discussion of the classification of different FACTS devices according to different factors. The popularity and applications of these devices are discussed together with relevant statistics. The operating principles of six major FACTS devices and their application in increasing ATC and PTC are also presented. Finally, we evaluate the performance of FACTS devices in ATC and PTC improvement with respect to different control algorithms.

关键词： FACTS devices Available transfer capability Power transfer capability Artificial intelligence

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Attuned design of demand response program and M-FACTS for relieving congestion in a restructured market

Y. HASHEMI,H. SHAYEGHI,B. HASHEMI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 282-296 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0366-6

摘要： This paper addresses the attuned use of multi-converter flexible alternative current transmission systems (M-FACTS) devices and demand response (DR) to perform congestion management (CM) in the deregulated environment. The strong control capability of the M-FACTS offers a great potential in solving many of the problems facing electric utilities. Besides, DR is a novel procedure that can be an effective tool for reduction of congestion. A market clearing procedure is conducted based on maximizing social welfare (SW) and congestion as network constraint is paid by using concurrently the DR and M-FACTS. A multi-objective problem (MOP) based on the sum of the payments received by the generators for changing their output, the total payment received by DR participants to reduce their load and M-FACTS cost is systematized. For the solution of this problem a nonlinear time-varying evolution (NTVE) based multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) style is formed. Fuzzy decision-making (FDM) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approaches are employed for finding the best compromise solution from the set of Pareto-solutions obtained through multi-objective particle swarm optimization-nonlinear time-varying evolution (MOPSO-NTVE). In a real power system, Azarbaijan regional power system of Iran, comparative analysis of the results obtained from the application of the DR & unified power flow controller (UPFC) and the DR & M-FACTS are presented.

关键词： multi-converter flexible alternative current transmission systems (M-FACTS) demand response fuzzy decision making multi-objective particle swarm optimization-nonlinear time-varying evolution (MOPSO-NTVE)

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Impact of FACTS devices on exercising market power in deregulated electricity market

Shanmugam PRABHAKAR KARTHIKEYAN, I. JACOB RAGLEND, D. P. KOTHARI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 448-455 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0262-x

摘要： In power system studies, congestion in transmission lines and utilization of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are closely associated. These devices are very important due to their role in power delivery system enhancement. It is to be noted that the generation companies can exercise their market power which depends on the line flows, line constraints, generators’ location and its share to the individual loads. This issue cannot be overlooked as it creates monopoliness which is against the deregulated market policy. The objective of this paper is to study the impact of market power when FACTS devices like thyristor controlled switching capacitor (TCSC) and thyristor controlled phase angle regulator (TCPAR) are used under steady state operation. The market power is determined using nodal must-run share (NMRS) index for the standard IEEE 14-bus system with and without the above FACTS devices and the results obtained are compared. All the above simulations are conducted in a MATLAB 7.9-R2009b environment.

关键词： flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) thyristor controlled switching capacitor (TCSC) thyristor controlled phase angle regulator (TCPAR) market power must-run generation (MRG) nodal must-run share (NMRS)

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Piezoelectric pump with flexible venous valves for active cell transmission

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0712-4

摘要： The development of organ-on-a-chip systems demands high requirements for adequate micro-pump performance, which needs excellent performance and effective transport of active cells. In this study, we designed a piezoelectric pump with a flexible venous valve inspired by that of humans. Performance test of the proposed pump with deionized water as the transmission medium shows a maximum output flow rate of 14.95 mL/min when the input voltage is 100 V, and the pump can transfer aqueous solutions of glycerol with a viscosity of 10.8 mPa·s. Cell survival rate can reach 97.22% with a yeast cell culture solution as the transmission medium. A computational model of the electric-solid-liquid multi-physical field coupling of the piezoelectric pump with a flexible venous valve is established, and simulation results are consistent with experimental results. The proposed pump can help to construct the circulating organ-on-a-chip system, and the simple structure and portable application can enrich the design of microfluidic systems. In addition, the multi-physical field coupling computational model established for the proposed piezoelectric pump can provide an in-depth study of the characteristics of the flow field, facilitating the optimal design of the micro-pump and providing a reference for the further study of active cell transport in organ-on-a-chip systems.

关键词： venous valve flexible venous valve cell transmission organ-on-a-chip system piezoelectric device

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Emergence in cyber-physical systems: potential and risk

Shmuel Tyszberowicz, David Faitelson,tyshbe@tau.ac.il,davidf@afeka.ac.il

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第11期页码 1535-1670 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000279

摘要： (CPSs) are distributed assemblages of computing, communicating, and physical components that sense their environment, algorithmically assess the incoming information, and affect their physical environment. Thus, they share a common structure with other , and therefore share both the possible benefits and the probable harmful effects of emergent phenomena. Emergence is an often unexpected pattern that arises from the interactions among the individual system components and the environment. In this paper we focus on three major problems concerning emergence in the context of CPSs: how to successfully exploit emergence, how to avoid its detrimental effects in a single CPS, and how to avoid harmful emergence that arises due to unexpected interaction among several independently developed CPSs that are operating in the same environment. We review the state of the research with regard to these problems and outline several approaches that could be used to address them.

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Human-cyber-physical systems: concepts, challenges, and research opportunities

Zhiming Liu, Ji Wang,zhimingliu88@swu.edu.cn,jiwang@ios.ac.cn

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第11期页码 1535-1670 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000537

摘要： In this perspective article, we first recall the historic background of human-cyber-physical systems (HCPSs), and then introduce and clarify important concepts. We discuss the key challenges in establishing the scientific foundation from a system engineering point of view, including (1) complex heterogeneity, (2) lack of appropriate , (3) dynamic black-box integration of heterogeneous systems, (4) complex requirements for functionalities, performance, and quality of services, and (5) design, implementation, and maintenance of HCPS to meet requirements. Then we propose four research directions to tackle the challenges, including (1) and computational theory of HCPS, (2) theories and methods of HCPS , (3) specification and verification of model properties, and (4) software-defined HCPS. The article also serves as the editorial of this special section on cyber-physical systems and summarises the four articles included in this special section.

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Possible role of power-to-heat and power-to-gas as flexible loads in German medium voltage networks

Mark KUPRAT, Martin BENDIG, Klaus PFEIFFER

《能源前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期页码 135-145 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0472-8

摘要： Germany’s energy transition triggered a rapid and unilateral growth of renewable energy sources (RES) in the electricity sector. With increasing shares of intermittent RES, overcapacities during periods of strong wind and photovoltaic electricity generation occur. In the face of insufficient transmission capacities, due to an inhibited network extension, the electricity generation has to be curtailed. This curtailment of RES leads to economic losses and could be avoided through flexible loads. As an option to cope with those problems, the technologies of power-to-gas (PtG) and power-to-heat (PtH) are presented in this paper. First, the alkaline electrolyzer (AEL), polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL), and solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) are investigated regarding their operational parameters. Second, the electric boiler, electrode heating boiler, and heat pumps are considered. Ultimately, the network-supporting abilities and the potential to provide ancillary services, such as control power, load sequence operation, cold start and part load capability, are compared among one another.

关键词： power-to-gas power-to-heat flexible loads ancillary services coherent energy systems

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Bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: facts and hopes from clinical and translational perspectives

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 551-573 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0928-z

摘要： Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and bone metastasis (BM) suffer from greatly reduced life quality and a dismal prognosis. However, BM in HCC has long been overlooked possibly due to its relatively low prevalence in previous decades. To date, no consensus or guidelines have been reached or formulated for the prevention and management of HCC BM. Our narrative review manifests the increasing incidence of HCC BM to sound the alarm for additional attention. The risk factors, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches of HCC BM are detailed to provide a panoramic view of this disease to clinicians and specialists. We further delineate an informative cancer bone metastatic cascade based on evidence from recent studies and point out the main factors responsible for the tumor-associated disruption of bone homeostasis and the formation of skeletal cancer lesions. We also present the advances in the pathological and molecular mechanisms of HCC BM to shed light on translational opportunities. Dilemmas and challenges in the treatment and investigation of HCC BM are outlined and discussed to encourage further endeavors in the exploration of underlying pathogenic and molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of novel effective therapies for HCC patients with BM.

关键词： HCC bone osteotropism clinical basic researches advances

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Back to the spring of Wuhan: facts and hope of COVID-19 outbreak

Guangbiao Zhou, Saijuan Chen, Zhu Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第2期页码 113-116 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0758-9

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全尺寸交流500 kV输电杆塔复合横担的雷电闪络特性 Article

王乾, 梁曦东, 沈余峰, 刘书明, 左周, 高岩峰

《工程（英文）》 2023年第23卷第4期页码 130-137 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.021

摘要：在本文中，作者制备了一个安装有复合横担的全尺寸交流（AC）500 kV输电杆塔，并施加了不同极性的雷电过电压。借助高速相机记录了流注-先导放电的过程，确认了闪络的主要路径。

关键词：复合横担输电杆塔雷电闪络流注放电耐雷水平

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Creation and integration mechanism of instrumentation flexible developing system

Xiaoli XU, Qiushuang LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 235-240 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0122-5

摘要：

To solve many key technical problems during the development of modern instrumentation system integration and provide a new mode and fundamental technical equipment for the research and development (R&D) of modern instrumentation products, based on the concept of an instrumentation flexible developing system (IFDS), this paper discusses the creation and open flexible integration mechanism, perfects the integrated supporting environment and integrated system of the flexible interconnection, and constructs the new flexible integrated system. Based on the operation mechanism of the modern instrumentation developing system and the research and optimization of the rapid integration design method, the paper emphasizes the dynamic integrating method of multiple types of knowledge in a modern instrument R&D system, to effectively utilize the rich integrated resource and achieve rapid integration of the system. Applications show that the new IFDS can improve the integration level and efficiency of R&D of the modern instrumentation system, enforce the reliability of the system, shorten the R&D period, and reduce the development costs.

关键词： modern instrumentation developing flexible interconnection flexible integration mechanism rapid integration system dynamic integrating method

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Review on flexible perovskite photodetector: processing and applications

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0749-z

摘要： Next-generation optoelectronics should possess lightweight and flexible characteristics, thus conforming to various types of surfaces or human skins for portable and wearable applications. Flexible photodetectors as fundamental devices have been receiving increasing attention owing to their potential applications in artificial intelligence, aerospace industry, and wise information technology of 120, among which perovskite is a promising candidate as the light-harvesting material for its outstanding optical and electrical properties, remarkable mechanical flexibility, low-cost and low-temperature processing methods. To date, most of the reports have demonstrated the fabrication methods of the perovskite materials, materials engineering, applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors, strategies for device performance enhancement, few can be seen with a focus on the processing strategies of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors, which we will give a comprehensive summary, herein. To begin with, a brief introduction to the fabrication methods of perovskite (solution and vapor-based methods), device configurations (photovoltaic, photoconductor, and phototransistor), and performance parameters of the perovskite-based photodetectors are first arranged. Emphatically, processing strategies for photodetectors are presented following, including flexible substrates (i.e., polymer, carbon cloth, fiber, paper, etc.), soft electrodes (i.e., metal-based conductive networks, carbon-based conductive materials, and two-dimensional (2D) conductive materials, etc.), conformal encapsulation (single-layer and multilayer stacked encapsulation), low-dimensional perovskites (0D, 1D, and 2D nanostructures), and elaborate device structures. Typical applications of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors such as optical communication, image sensing, and health monitoring are further exhibited to learn the flexible photodetectors on a deeper level. Challenges and future research directions of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors are proposed in the end. The purpose of this review is not only to shed light on the basic design principle of flexible photodetectors, but also to serve as the roadmap for further developments of flexible photodetectors and exploring their applications in the fields of industrial manufacturing, human life, and health care.

关键词： photodetector perovskite flexible processing application

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A review of the scalable nano-manufacturing technology for flexible devices

Wenbin HUANG,Xingtao YU,Yanhua LIU,Wen QIAO,Linsen CHEN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第1期页码 99-109 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0416-3

摘要：

Recent advances in electronic and photonic devices, such as artificial skin, wearable systems, organic and inorganic light-emitting diodes, have gained considerable commercial and scientific interest in the academe and in industries. However, low-cost and high-throughput nano-manufacturing is difficult to realize with the use of traditional photolithographic processes. In this review, we summarize the status and the limitations of current nano-patterning techniques for scalable and flexible functional devices in terms of working principle, resolution, and processing speed. Finally, several remaining unsolved problems in nano-manufacturing are discussed, and future research directions are highlighted.

关键词： flexible nano-manufacturing flexible devices nanofabrication scalability

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Impact of selection of DC base values and DC link control strategies on sequential AC-DC power-flow convergence

Shagufta KHAN,Suman BHOWMICK

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 399-412 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0374-6

摘要： This paper demonstrates the convergence of the integrated AC-DC power-flow algorithm as affected by the selection of different base values for the DC quantities and adoption of different control strategies for the DC link. For power-flow modeling of integrated AC-DC systems, the base values of the various DC quantities can be defined in several ways, giving rise to different sets of per-unit system equations. It is observed that different per-unit system models affect the convergence of the power-flow algorithm differently. In a similar manner, the control strategy adopted for the DC link also affects the power-flow convergence. The sequential method is used to solve the DC variables in the Newton Raphson (NR) power flow model, where AC and DC systems are solved separately and are coupled by injecting an equivalent amount of real and reactive power at the terminal AC buses. Now, for a majority of the possible control strategies, the equivalent real and reactive power injections at the concerned buses can be computed a-priori and are independent of the NR iterative loop. However, for a few of the control strategies, the equivalent reactive power injections cannot be computed a-priori and need to be computed in every NR iteration. This affects the performance of the iterative process. Two different per-unit system models and six typical control strategies are taken into consideration. This is validated by numerous case studies conducted on the IEEE 118-bus and 300-bus test systems.

关键词： AC-DC power-flow Newton-Raphson method high voltage direct current (HVDC) control strategy